Not under normal conditions.
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Kits with a tube and preservative liquid: the sample remains stable at room temperature (15–30 °C) for up to 12 months. If your kit includes swabs, make sure the tips are fully submerged in the liquid.
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Kits with a drying pouch: the pouch dries the swab and protects it from moisture and contamination. The sample remains stable for at least 3 months under normal temperature and humidity conditions.
Avoid leaving the sample exposed to extreme temperatures for long periods, for example in direct sunlight or inside a car.